United Iraqi Coalition which consisted of 22 Shia Parties bagged the majority of votes nevertheless a minuscule percentage of Sunni voters came out to vote. In 2005, for the first time after time after the US invasions, elections took place in Iraq to elect 275 Transitional National Assembly Members whose purpose was to draft a new constitution. Within no time, US forces were able to capture Iraq and on Decemthey were able to find Saddam Hussein who was hiding in a hole on a farm near the Northern city of Iraq, Tikrit. As a result when Saddam refused to pay heed to the ultimatum, President Bush launched Operation ‘Iraqi Freedom’ in the year 2003, an attempt on part of the United States and its allies to invade Iraq militarily. Despite Iraq agreeing to follow the United Nations protocol, President Bush threatened Saddam Hussein with a warning to either leave Iraq or be ready to face dire consequences. President Bush accused Iraq of harbouring Al-Qaida terrorists who were suspected of being involved in planning 9/11 attacks. The rhetoric of possessing chemical and Nuclear weapons by the State of Iraq under Saddam Hussein prompted the allies of the United States to support it in waging war against Iraq. Kuwait was finally liberated from the clutches of the Iraqi forces after six weeks of Air attack and just 100 hours of the ground campaign. When Saddam Hussein refused to withdraw from Kuwait, President H.W Bush on 16 January 1991 launched Operation Desert Storm which became one of the largest air campaigns. The threat of possible aggression by the Iraqi forces against Saudi Arabia which is the world’s largest oil producer country evoked the US and its allies to station its forces in Saudi Arabia.
When Kuwait refused to cancel the debt, Saddam Hussein ordered Iraqi forces to invade Kuwait in the year 1990.
The war had put Iraq under a huge debt of 30 Billion dollars from Kuwait. Qasim was succeeded by Abdul Salam Arif who was overthrown in a bloodless coup in 1968 which paved the way for Ahmed Hasan al Bakr to power and Saddam Hussein as his deputy. Qasim was executed after five years of his rule though he survived an assassination attempt planned by Saddam Hussein and his group for which Saddam had to escape to Egypt for three years. The Hashemite ruler Faisal 2 was overthrown in 1958 by army officers led by General Abd-al Karim Qasim. Post World War 1, the British Mandate imposed Hashemite rule which was seen as a pro-Western Government by the common people of Iraq. The Shias of Iraq form majority of the population who mostly live in South Iraq followed by Sunnis who live in North and Western parts of Iraq and Kurds who live in far North of Iraq. The state of Iraq in which shares its borders with Iran in the East, Jordan in the west, Syria in the North-West, Turkey in the North and Saudi Arabia and Kuwait in the South has three main demographic groups.
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